The On-yomi is taken from the original Chinese reading of the kanji and the Kun-yomi is the Japanese reading that has adopted the kanji so to speak. It can be attached to both surnames and given names.
Almost all kanji have On-readings except for most of the kanji that were developed in Japan eg.
Kun reading. The kanji 込 has only one kun reading. A reading of a kanji that is not derived from the kanjis original pronunciation borrowed from Chineseto use the kunyomi of a word to read a kanji using the pronunciation of a native Japanese word. Then there is a third group of counters that use KUN for the first two and then switch to ON from there on.
Mixing Kunyomi and Onyomi The problem with trying to tell kunyomi and onyomi apart really starts when you have mixed reading words. A male might address female inferiors by kun usually in schools or companies.
Some dozen kanji dont have Kun-readings but most kanji have multiple readings. Ko and no on readings.
Kunyomi native reading The kunyomi 訓読み kɯɰjomi lit. Number of alternative pronunciations was a measure of the number of alternative On or Kun readings of each character. The kun-reading Kun-yomi is the native Japanese reading associated with the meaning of a kanji.
This is because its only use is in the verb komu 込む which is also an auxiliary verb and words which derive from the verb. The Kun reading for water 水 is used mizu as it is a word on its own water here is composed of only one Kanji. You will use the KUN readings when specifically using the generic counter 一つ 二つ 三つ.
We believe that those characters first came to Japan from China before the 5th century AD. This is the Kun reading given to the character when it occurs in isolation and when it occurs in compounds such as chichioya father and hahaoya mother. On-yomi On-readings and Kun-yomi Kun-readings.
The On reading on the other hand is mostly used for words composed with more than one Kanji. Japanese kanji with kun reading あから-める 0 c 1 e Japanese kanji with kun reading あ-かり 0 c 1 e Japanese kanji with kun reading あかり 0 c 1 e. Kun reading dominates ideas that were familiar and common to the Japanese at the time a kanji the Anglo-Saxon words If there is okurigana the trailing hiragana that is written after the kanji the kanji will most likely be a kun yomi.
Characters sometimes have several kun readings each though some of them may be obscure and they are generally not linguistically related. Kun readings or kunyomi are based on native Japanese words matched to a character that approximates its meaning. Meaning reading the native reading is a reading based on the pronunciation of a native Japanese word or yamato kotoba that closely approximated the meaning of the Chinese character when it was introduced.
For example 国 means country but the Japanese have the word くに kuni which has the same meaning as 国 so we still pronounce it as kuni even if it is written as 国. What is On-yomi 音読み. Additionally kun isnt used between women or when addressing ones superiors.
First of all Kanji has its origin in Chinese characters. In the previous example weve learned that the Kun reading for water was mizu. Kun-reading is used to read the original Japanese words written in Chinese characters with the same meanings.
Less polite than san kun 君 is used to address men who are younger or the same age as the speaker. Although the Kun reading is the natural pronunciation of a single character Kanji word many have alternative On readings or even less frequent Kun readings. The high mean indicates that Kun readings of single character Kanji tend to denote concrete nouns while abstract nouns tend to be represented by compound Kanji Wydell personal communication 1995.
How to Learn Japanese FAST on your own time. Basically each Kanji has two types of readings.
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